Memory, heritage, national libraries and the construction of collective identity

This work aims to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between libraries and the construction of collective memory and its implications for the preservation of national cultural heritage. The study presents a theoretical review of memory and heritage, based on important researchers in the field. Also prepare a review about the context of appearance of national libraries, based on contemporary authors. In sequence, makes comments about the institutional mission of national libraries, tracing a brief outline of the historical trajectory of the brazilian National Library, demonstrating its role in safeguarding the bibliographic heritage of the country.