In vitro germination of Moringa oleifera synthetic seed on different composition of medium

The generative propagation of Moringa oleifera is quite difficult because the ability of seed germination is low. An alternative to overcome this obstacle is by planting vegetative propagation through biotechnology approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of medium with different of composition IBA and GA(3) and different concentration of sucrose to the development of synthetic seed of M. oleifera. Embryogenic callus was induced on MS with addition of 1 mg L-1 NAA medium. Furthermore, it was matured on 3 mg L-1 BAP until the formation of somatic embryos. Somatic embryos of M. oleifera were encapsulated using alginate and called synthetic seeds. Synthetic seeds were planted on several germination media: 1; 1.7; 2.4 mg L-1 IBA, and 0.055; 0.035; 0.015 mg L-1 GA(3) with 3, 4.5 and 6% sucrose. Synthetic seeds had diameter ranging from 7 to 10 mm with the color of clear seed and white-yellowish embryo. The highest fresh weight and percentage of penetrating of seed obtained on 0.035 mg L-1 GA(3) with addition of 3% sucrose, and the highest percentage of germination obtained on 0.035 mg L-1 GA(3) and 1,7 mg L-1 IBA with addition of 3% sucrose. The composition of medium using 0.035 mg L-1 GA(3) and 1,7 mg L-1 IBA with addition of 3% sucrose generated high percentage of penetration and synthetic seeds Moringa oleifera germination. Characteristics of the synthetic seed were clear color and visible yellowish-white embryo, diameter of 7.0-10.0 mm, fresh weight ranging from 10.00 to 52.33 mg.