The Price of Joining the Enemy. ETA, Basque Radical Nationalism and the Figure of the Traitor

This article focuses on the reactions of ETA and its civil environment -the so-called "patriotic left"-to dissident groups or individuals it labeled as traitors to the Basque Country: first, ETA's left-wing splits -ETA berri and ETA VI-during the Dictatorship of General Franco. Second, the heterodoxy of Euskadiko Ezkerra in the process of Spain's Transition to democracy and the disintegration of ETA's politicalmilitary wing in the early 1980s. And finally, ETA's military wing activists who ended up collaborating with the police forces or assimilated themselves into society. In the end, this essay aims to reach a better understanding of the political culture of Basque radical nationalists.