Expository Text Comprehension: Prior Knowledge and Working Memory

This paper examines the comprehension of general and disciplinary expository texts as a function of previous domain-specific knowledge, and working memory capacity. Novices or experts in psychology topics read a general expository text and a disciplinary expository text. Two measures of comprehension were collected: the production of a summary, and the response to multiple-choice questions. Working memory capacity was measured with the Reading Span Task. Results indicated better performance from experts on the disciplinary text. No differences were found on the general text, or as a function of working memory, except for expert readers in disciplinary texts. These results support the hypothesis that previous domain-specific knowledge is a key factor in differences in text comprehension, in comparison with the working memory capacity hypothesis.