TRANSACTION COSTS AS THE FINANCIAL PRECONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC CONFLICTS

The economic essence of transaction costs and their impact on the emergence of economic conflicts are analyzed. Economic conflict is proposed to interprete as "the result of actions of participants of some transaction who have an incompatible interests about the subject of the transaction." It is determined that from the standpoint of the transaction theory the economic conflict is the result of a violation of terms of the transaction by one of the parties. It has been shown that during the transfer of ownership rights of resources from ones economic agents to anothers and for protection those rights appears the special category of costs -transaction costs. Approaches to the classification of transaction costs are considered and their structure is presented. It is proposed to allocate three groups of transaction costs: costs incurred before the transaction; costs incurred as a result of the transaction; costs incurred as a result of violation of the terms of the agreement. The transaction costs before exchange determine the number of concluded transactions, and, therefore, potential conflicts. The reducing of this category of costs allows to increase the number of transactions on the market and, accordingly, affects for development of the economy, in general, or its separate segments, in particular. The growing transaction costs that arise during the agreement are the catalysts of emergence of economic conflicts. The sharp increase of this category of costs allows to predict emergence of conflicts and identife the priority preventive measures. The costs which arise from a violation of the conditions of the agreement are the financial consequences of conflicts that are estimated by the losses associated with the protection of property rights. The reducing of this category of costs allows to maintain the level of trust between the parties of the transaction. The influence of the transaction environment for transaction costs and emergence of economic conflicts are highlighted. The characteristics of the transactional environment that determine the inevitability of transaction costs (behavioral aspects, legal uncertainty in relations, asset specificity, information asymmetry, interdependence of transaction costs) are determined. The possibilities for reduction of transaction costs due to the influence of external institutions that structure the interaction between individuals are substantiated.