RECIRCULATING PIPE FLOWS

Experimental and numerical investigations are performed for the situation of steady recirculating combined-convection water flows in a cylindrical duct. The experimental results are presented as photographs from which information regarding the stream-function and temperature distributions within the water can be deduced. The experimental flows, which have IJeynolds number in the range 15 < Re < 31, are modelled numerically using an elliptic finite-difference formulation and a multigrid solution technique. The results for stream function and temperature are compared with the experimental results and agreement is found to be generally very good. Plots of flow average temperature, local Nusselt number, average Nusselt number and friction factor times Reynolds number are also presented for each flow situation considered. © 1990, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.