REPLACEMENT OF SOYBEAN-MEAL AND MAIZE BY RAPESEED, WHEAT AND PEA IN TURKEY FATTENING

The aim of the study was to propose and test formulae of feeding mashes for the fattening of turkeys, in which extracted soybean meal and maize were fully or partially replaced by rapeseed, pea and wheat. The experiment was carried out on 1 200 turkeys (both sexes) of two genotypes. They were housed in a windowless house on a deep litter with controlled environment according to the standard technological procedure of the International Poultry Testing Station at Ustrasice and tested for a period of 84 days. Within each genotype the turkeys were divided into three groups: each group was placed in one box with 200 birds in each (6 birds/m(2)). All turkeys were fed ad libitum with three diets (Tab. I). The mixture KR IT was used as standard. Live weight at the age of 84 days, mortality, feed consumption, carcass weight, abdominal fat and breast and leg muscles weight were monitored. Traits measured on individuals were analyzed according to model (1), traits measured on box basis were analyzed according to model (2), where y(ijkl) is the value of the l-th individual of the k-th sex, receiving the j-th diet and belonging to the i-th genotype, y(ij) is the value of the box where birds from the i-th genotype are housed receiving the j-th diet, mu is the general mean, g(i) is the effect of the i-th genotype, v(j) is the effect of the j-th diet, p(k) is the effect of the k-th sex, (gv)(ij), (gp)(ik), (vp)(ik), (gvp)(ijk) are the appropriate interaction effects, e(ijkl) is the residual effect for models (1) and (2), resp. All calculations were carried out using the procedure GLM of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., 1988). From monitored characters only live body weight was significantly influenced by the diet. Turkeys of experimental groups (2 and 3) of both genotypes did not reach such high live body weight (6.13 and 5.99 kg) as those of control group (6.32 kg), fed by mash KR IT (1) with maize and soybean meal (Tab. II and III). From the economic evaluation point of view (Tab. IV) the turkeys of genotype 2 of experimental groups 2 and 3 are more effective than those of control group 1.