OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA: A REVIEW IN ADULTS

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most prevalent sleep disorder in the adult population. There is accumulating evidence that OSA is being considered as an independent risk factor for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and stroke leading to increased cardio metabolic morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of OSA is higher in patients presenting for surgery than in general population and a significant proportion of OSA patients remain undiagnosed, when they present for surgery. This is of concern to the anesthesiologist and the peri-operative physician, as OSA has been associated with increased peri-operative risk and post-operative complications. Hence a protocol designed to provide practical solutions and strategies for the perioperative / post-operative care of these patients needs to be followed and optimal use of it requires our attention. Early recognition and treatment of OSA may prevent from adverse health consequences. A multidisciplinary approach to peri-operative care and constant vigilance by experienced anesthesia providers is paramount to ensuring positive patient outcome.