The purpose of this article is to formulate a comprehensive view of the legal regulation of relations between people of the same sex and an attempt to develop a common worldview, which has been formed in the scientific doctrine. The Russian doctrine ambiguously approaches the perception of relations of people of the same sex as a phenomenon that is naturally developed in the world community and its emergence and formation in Russia. A special conceptual apparatus used in the scientific research is subject to analysis. Graduation of scientific presentations is made in five groups: conservatives, liberals, extreme liberals, radicals and extreme radicals. Attention is drawn to the key factors affecting Russian science: political, social, religious. The authors' arguments on all groups are generalized and systematized. The sociological data of Russia and the USA are subject to research The authors come to the conclusion that ideologically, Russia is characterized by heteronormativity, that is, a worldview in which heterosexuality is understood as a social norm of sexual behavior of any person. Theoretical propositions and conclusions formulated by the authors can be useful for pedagogical purposes, popularization in the mass media, in the legislative, law enforcement practice and educational process.