The essay is dedicated to the Nobel prizes for 2009 and criteria proposed in A. Nobel's will used in laureates selections. The original Nobel's will, quoted in the essay, was written in a spirit of tolerancy and respect of human rights and has inspired the Nobel Committee to select the superb among the excellent scientists to be awarded. In 2009, the highest number of women honoured is five, being the record in the history of the Nobel Foundation. Therefore, some data relevant to this topic are presented. The Nobel Prize for chemistry in 2009 is awarded to Ramakrishnan, Steitz and Yonath for the structure and function of ribosome. A brief description of the scientific background and importance of the discovery is given. By this year's award in chemistry a trilogy of prizes related to explanations of the key life processes is completed. The first, crucial prize in the trilogy was awarded in 1962 to J. Watson, F. Crick and M. Wilkins for the discovery of a double helix structure of DNA macromolecule. The second one in the trilogy went to R. D. Kornberg for the explanation of how the information stored in the genes is copied, and then transferred to those parts of the cell where proteins are produced. These three discoveries of the trilogy are vital for life processes and are based on determinations of three-dimensional structures of key, biological macromolecules by X-ray diffraction methods.
