Check-up examinations are nowadays among the most common reasons for consultations in primary care. The aim is to identify risk factors and early signs of disease, but also to prevent future illness by early intervention. Each check-up examination should include counselling, immunisation and screening according to the patient's age and gender. In this review we present an updated statement of recommendations regarding preventive care measures based mostly on the guidelines derived from the USPSTF and the Swiss Medical Board. During check-up examinations physicians should be aware of a possible hidden agenda.