UPWARD AND INCLINED ULTRAFILTRATION UNDER CONSTANT PRESSURE BY USE OF DEAD-END FILTER

To attain high flow-rate separation of macromolecules or colloidal particles from a solvent, ultrafiltration experiments in which the filtrate flow is upward or the membrane is inclined were conducted under constant-pressure conditions, using a dead-end filter. A much higher filtration velocity can be achieved by this newly developed technique than that produced by conventional downward dead-end ultrafiltration, because the gel cake growth can be significantly limited as well as the crossflow ultrafiltration. The filtration velocity in the inclined ultrafiltration tends to converage to a constant value which increases with increasing angle of inclination of the membrane.