The shipping industry accounts for only a small portion of the overall pollution of the seas and the industry has substantially reduced accidental and operational discharges. Efforts are continuing to achieve further improvements. The most cost-efficient way to further enhance safety and environmental protection is to focus on the human element through education, motivation and training, particularly for those entering the profession. The implementation of the International Safety Management Code will be an important vehicle in improving operational standards with the objective of enhancing environmental protection.