HIGH-ENERGY AUGER SATELLITES OF THE 4D TRANSITION-METALS

Recent studies of the systematic behavior of the peak energies of the narrow and simple bremsstrahlung excited L2,3M4,5M4,5 spectra of the 4d metals have produced considerable information regarding ground and excited state electronic structure of these metals. Comparison of the spectra of In, Sn, and Sb with atomic theoretical ones manifests the atomic nature of these spectra in these closed shell metals. Here, we consider open shell 4d metals (Ag, Pd, Rh, Mo and Nb) and present spectra evincing satellite structures below those of the Auger transitions proper which are not described by the atomic model. The L2 and L3 satellites, in contrast to those of the 3d LMM spectra, have the same form (within experimental error) and do not seem to involve L2L3X Coster-Kronig transitions, most of which are energetically forbidden. We identify these satellite structures as arising from shake-up involving spectator valence band holes. The calculated spectra agree with the experimental data and the derived satellite positions agree with simple theoretical calculations.