A new equivalent circuit model for on-chip spiral transformers in CMOS RFICs

A new compact model has been introduced to model on-chip spiral transformers. Unlike conventional models, which are often a compound of two spiral inductor models (i.e., the combination of two coupled Pi or 2-Pi sub-circuits), our new model only uses 12 elements to model the whole structure in the form of T topology. The new model is based on the physical meaning, and the process of model derivation is also presented. In addition, a simple parameter extraction procedure is proposed to get the elements' values without any fitting and optimization. In this procedure, a new method has been developed for the parameter extraction of the ladder circuit, which is commonly used to represent the skin effect. In order to verify the model's validity and accuracy, we have compared the simulated and measured self-inductance, quality factor, coupling coefficient and insertion loss, and an excellent agreement has been found over a broad frequency range up to the resonant frequency.