A consumer-oriented technique for planned residential developments

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the identification and engagement of future inhabitants in planning processes for residential developments using a new "4Ps'' participation method, where the 4Ps denote public, private and people are in partnership. This form of participation gives new information, related to consumers' residential choice, unlike those environments produced by using other participation methods. Design/methodology/approach - The empirical study is based on innovation theory where end-users are primary stakeholders in the innovation process, and even innovators themselves. A case study of a new participation method based on a two-phase internet questionnaire is used to research practical solutions in integrating end-users into urban planning process. Findings - This paper demonstrates that the widely used theory of communicative action in planning and its aim of increasing citizens' activity in planning and development processes can be developed to the stage that it also includes future inhabitants as stakeholders. Thus urban planning processes become innovative and customer-oriented through their openness, end-user orientation and interpretative nature. Originality/value - The case study findings indicate that the new participation method described here gives flexibility and benefits to all stakeholders and is a method to create consumer-desirable neighbourhoods. Engaging future inhabitants in planning processes opens previously unseen potential for including consumerist possibilities for cities and developers. This paper illustrates that this new 4Ps participation method makes comprehensive participatory planning and development possible through giving an opportunity to include consumers' opinions and needs into an alternative to traditional communicative planning.