Clinicophysiological, haematobiochemical and haemodynamic effect of propofol and ketamine with dexmedetomidine in urolithic goats

Aim: To compare clinicophysiological, haematobiochemical and haemodynamic effects of propofol and ketamine otal intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with dexmedetomidine in uraemic goats. Materials and Methods: Prospective, randomized clinical trials were performed in sixteen clinical cases of urolithiasis in goats. After sedation with dexmedetomidine (2.5 jtglkg body wt) anaesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol in group Dexmedetomidine+Propofol (DP) and with ketamine in group Dexmedetomidine+Ketamine (DK). Continuous intravenous infusion (C1I) was used with respective drug for maintenance of anaesthesia. Infusion rate was adjusted in response to positive reactions to surgical nociceptive stimulation performed during tube cystostomy procedure or by observing pedal reflex after completion of surgery till discontinuation of anaesthesia. Clinicophysiological, haematobiochemical and haemodynamic parameters were measured before treatment (baseline), after sedation and during anaesthesia. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. Results: Mean values of equipotent induction and maintenance dose in group DP were (2.50+0.37 mgikg and 0.15+0.03 mg/kg/min) significantly lower (9.85+0.85 mg/kg and 0.54+0.07 mg/kg/min) than DK. Heart rate decreased significantly (p<0.05) up to the end of observation period after induction of anaesthesia with propofol. However, after induction of anaesthesia with ketamine HR improved at 15 min and onwards. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 15 min onwards up to the end of observation period in DP group. However, in DK group, MAP decreased non significantly (p>0.05) up to the end of the observation period after induction of anaesthesia with ketamine. Conclusion: Both drug combinations are suitable for induction and maintenance anaesthesia for one hour, with good analgesia and haemodynamic stability. However, treatment DP produced excellent sedation and muscle relaxation.