The Spanish Civil War involved a political rift in Spain. In a certain way, a cultural breach is also clearly noticeable. However, reductionist considerations hinder the possibility of a clear vision of reality. A proper understanding of Pedro Lain Entralgo's work can help us to understand the fractures and continuities we have gone through and we experience today. Thinking about a Third Spain, contemporary of the other "two' can help us to understand better both the past and the present, and to make effective the transition to democracy, that has taken place in politics, but maybe not in the cultural sphere.