COLLECTIVE-BARGAINING COVERAGE OF UNION MEMBERS AND NONMEMBERS IN THE PUBLIC-SECTOR

Arguably, models of union status and union wage effects in the public sector should consider workers in three categories: not covered, covered nonmember, and covered member. Estimates show that stronger union security laws are associated with higher percentages of covered members and nonmembers, that right-to-work laws do not affect union coverage or membership relative to where no union security law exists, and that the wages of covered members are higher than those for covered non-members.