Impact of V2G on Distribution Feeder: A Power Loss Reduction Approach

The penetration of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) into the electrical distribution system has potential to create room for many operational benefits. A V2G facility installed on a distribution feeder line segment may affect power loss in the distribution system. Mathematical models are developed to study how magnitude of V2G reactive power injection and different mixes of uniformly distributed loads and lumped loads can impact power loss on a distribution system feeder. The V2G facilities assumed in this research are V2G parking lots with provision for injecting reactive currents into the feeder of a distribution network. It is shown that loss reduction can be greatly influenced by the pattern of loading, the amount of V2G reactive injection as well as position and number of V2G parking lot along the feeder segment. Useful results are obtained, with a promise that more than 95% power loss reduction (relative to power loss in the system without V2G installed) is possible by optimally locating a V2G parking lot along the feeder. It is observed that location and capacity injection of a V2G facility are the most critical for loss reduction. It was concluded that proper system planning and operational practice are required in order to reduce power losses.