Macrophage activation syndrome associated with systemic lupus erythematosus treated successfully with the combination of steroid pulse, immunoglobulin and tacrolimus

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a variant of secondary hemophagocyticlymphohistio-cytosis, is a potentially life-threatening complication of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We present a case of MAS as a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Although initial treatment with corticosteroid, with or without cyclosporine A, is justified in patients with MAS, evidence regarding the effectiveness of this treatment protocol remains to be clarified. Our patient was successfully treated with a combination of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and intravenous methyl predonisolone pulse therapy, which was followed by a course of oral prednisolone and oral tacrolimus. Based on our experience, we propose tacrolimus to provide a more useful adjuvant treatment to corticosteroid therapy than cyclosporine A.