PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BINOCULAR VISION AND AMBLYOPIA

Stable monocular and binocular vision and orthotropia are the prerequisites of the highest form of binocular vision, namely stereopsis. There are natural tests for examining stereopsis such as the three-rod test or the two-pencil test. Haploscopic tests are believed to deal with stereoscopy. Natural stereopsis is better with large interpupillary distance. In haploscopic tests, the results differ between contour stereotests and random-dot situations and from degeneration experiments in the visual cortex, a new hypothesis on anomalous retinal (cortical) correspondence is proposed. Different forms of stabismus are discussed.