The change in the world structure has posed a challenge to the survival of socialist regimes but at the same time has opened greater possibilities for their reform. Believing that its own survival is closely linked to the results of its reform, Peking (Beijing) tries to have a correct understanding of the present international situation, in which the traditional mode of a life-and-death struggle between the capitalist and socialist systems has become meaningless. In this article, the author examines Peking's evaluation of the world situation from various angles.