Variations of Sea Level and Tidal Behaviour during El Nino/La Nina: An Example of Malaysian Coastline

The El Nino/La Nina Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon indirectly provides dramatic changes to tidal that can cause floods, drought and affect various marine activities. Tidal observation data plays important role in determining the characteristic or behaviour of tide along the coastal area especially during sudden climate change such as the phenomenon of El Nino/La Nina, the Northeast Monsoon, Northwest Monsoon and Tsunami. It is important to study the occurrence of the ENSO event and it characteristic so that it can be used for prediction and monitoring the land and water ecosystem. This research is to identify the variations of sea level and tidal behaviour in Malaysian coastline during El Nino/La Nina. The tidal observation data, meteorology data (temperature and mean sea level pressure), and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) calculation are used to look on the changes of the tidal variation during the ENSO phenomenon. The results of this research will specially benefit in the determination of tidal level in Malaysia and to the professionals who have responsibilities in policy making, agriculture, environmental planning, economics and marine engineering.