ENANTIOSELECTIVE GALLOPAMIL PROTEIN-BINDING

The protein binding of the enantiomers of gallopamil has been investigated in solutions of human serum albumin, alpha1-acid glycoprotein and serum. Over the range of concentrations attained after oral gallopamil administration, the binding of both enantiomers to albumin, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and serum proteins was independent of gallopamil concentration. The binding to both human serum albumin (40 g/liter) [range of fraction bound (f(b)) R: 0.624 to 0. 699; S: 0. 502 to 0. 605] and al-acid glycoprotein (0. 5 g/liter) (range of f(b) R: 0.530 to 0.718; S: 0.502 to 0.620) was stereoselective, favoring the (R)-enantiomer (predialysis gallopamil concentrations 2.5 to 10, 000 ng/ml). When the enantiomers (predialysis gallopamil concentration 10 ng/ml) were studied separately in drug-free serum samples from six healthy volunteers the fraction of (S)-gallopamil bound (f(b): 0. 943 +/- 0.016) was lower (P < 0. 05) than that of (R)-gallopamil (f(b): 0.960 +/- 0.010). The serum protein binding of both (R)- and (S)-gallopamil was unaffected by their optical antipodes (f(b) R: 0.963 +/- 0.011; S: 0.948 +/- 0.015) indicating that at therapeutic concentrations a protein binding enantiomer-enantiomer interaction does not occur. The protein binding of (R)- and (S)-gallopamil ex vivo 2 h after single dose oral administration of 50 mg pseudoracemic gallopamil (f(b) R: 0.960 +/- 0.010: predialysis [R] 6.9 to 35.3 ng/ml; S: 0.943 +/- 0.016: predialysis [S] 9.5 to 30.7 ng/ml) was comparable to that observed in vitro in drug-free serum. Gallopamil metabolites formed during first-pass following oral administration, therefore, do not influence the protein binding of (R)- or (S)-gallopamil. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.