MHD Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Porous Square Cavity Filled by Nanofluids with Viscous Dissipation

The present problem investigates the free convection heat transfer in a square cavity filled with nanofluid-saturated porous medium with the effects of different nanoparticles in the presence of applied magnetic field and viscous dissipation. A uniform magnetic field is applied horizontal to the cavity. The top and bottom horizontal walls of cavity considered adiabatic, while the vertical walls are kept at constant temperatures. The governing partial differential equations, based on the Darcy model, are solved by finite element method of Galerkin weighted residual scheme. The overall investigation of variation of streamlines, isotherms and Nusselt numbers are presented graphically. The present results are compared with previously published works and found to be in good agreement. It is found that nanoparticle volume fraction, magnetic field, Rayleigh number and viscous dissipation show significant effect on the flow and temperature distributions in the cavity.