Review of literature on HIV/AIDS voluntary counselling and testing in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a social transformation model

Some estimates indicate approximately 65 million people globally have been infected with HIV since the first case was reported, of whom AIDS has killed more than 25 million and 40 million people were living with HIV/AIDS by the year 2006. Other records show the figure had declined to 33.2 million people living with the disease by 2007 but the cause of the decline is not clear whether because of improved records or increased deaths. AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa yet there is still no vaccine or cure for the disease. Prevention of HIV infections is therefore a key part in fighting the disease. Prevention of HIV infections is a key part in fighting the disease. Therefore voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) centers are crucial in attaining some of the goals towards prevention and management of the disease. Objective of the study: This study reviewed studies on VCT programs focusing on performance of the programs in Sub-Saharan Africa with the aim of coming up with practical suggestions for enhancing VCT towards HIV/AIDS prevention. Method: Literature on VCT services in Sub-Saharan Africa analyzed in the present study was obtained from multiple internet databases. Only those studies that met the selection criteria were included in the analysis. Findings: Major findings included the critical need to understand and integrate male perspective and participation in efforts to promote effective utilization of VCT programs for long-term implications in effectiveness of the programs; that women's economic empowerment is necessary but currently not sufficient in the translation of knowledge into desirable behavior changes; and that there is an urgent need to address the gendered power imbalances and gross marginalization of women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Overall, some VCT programs operate with essential key factors that seem to make a difference in the success of the programs. Based on these findings, the authors recommend existing and developing programs consider the incorporation of a multi-dimensional, social transformation model that is more conducive to large-scale transformational changes and program success in the African culture.