Cognitive Processes and Functions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Comparison to Pre-diabetic Patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes is an important risk factor for cognitive decline in diabetic patients. The main goal of this study was the assessment of memory, attention and visuospatial ability dysfunctions in patients with type 2 diabetes in comparison to prediabetic patients and normal subjects in Endocrine and Metabolism Center of Isfahan City from April 2011 to July 2011. Methods: The sample comprised of 32 patients with type 2 diabetes, 28 pre-diabetic patients and 30 healthy individuals. Memory, attention and visuospatial ability were assessed by Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and sub tests of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R). Results: The pair wise comparisons of cognitive functions among three groups, suggesting a significant difference between diabetic and normal groups in PASAT3". PASAT2", RCFT (recall trial) and Symbol coding (P=0.003, P=0.009, P=0.010, and P<0.001, respectively). But there was no difference in copy trial of RCFT and block design between two groups (P=0.170, P=0.490). There was significant difference between pre-diabetic group and normal group in recall trial of RCFT (P=0.020), as well as significant difference between diabetes type 2 and pre-diabetic group in symbol coding (P=0.001). Conclusion: There were significant differences in cognitive functions in patient with type2 diabetes, pre-diabetic patients and normal individuals. Thus monitoring neuropsychological status besides controlling levels of blood sugar in these patients is important.