LATIN-AMERICAN POPULISM - A STRUCTURAL APPROACH

Latin American populism is a strategy for capital accumulation oriented through specific state policies; these may include import substitution and income distribution, and rely on the promotion of small and middle-size manufacturing firms producing for the domestic market. It looks for full employment, expansion of middle and working class consumption, agrarian modernization and broad intervention of government agencies in economic and social affairs. Political mobilization of the new urban masses fueled by social welfare and state-supported unionism constitute the basis of the enlarged relative autonomy of the state vis-a-vis the industrialists benefitting from populist economic policies, and traditional elites forced to accept a partial transfer of land rent and foreign trade earnings. Changes in the international setting and the contradictions emerging from the populist strategy lead it to increasing instability and to a usually abrupt end, followed by the establishment of a right-wing political regime.