Complementary contributions of basic and applied research in human factors and ergonomics

Basic research and applied research are often presented as in opposition in human factors and ergonomics, as well as in science in general. We argue that the two are complementary, as illustrated by the fact that many human factors specialists have advanced the field by conducting both basic and applied research. We describe the work of Paul Fitts, a pioneer in human factors. Although Fitts' main interest was designing effective interfaces for military aircraft, this interest led him to investigate processes of response-selection and motor control in basic research. For many problems, a multi-method approach that draws on the unique benefits of various research methods is best. Also, researchers who emphasise one approach need to make efforts to understand alternative viewpoints and open lines of communication with those who take other approaches. Increased communication among individuals with diverse backgrounds, interests and training will facilitate advancement of the field.