Employment and winter construction: a comparative analysis of Denmark and western European countries with a similar climate

Reduced seasonal building activity in the construction sector is often assumed to be related to hard winter conditions for building activities and poor working conditions for construction workers, resulting in higher costs and poor quality of building products, particularly in the northern hemisphere. Can climatic conditions alone explain the sizeable difference in reduction in building activity in the construction sector in European countries in the winter months, or are other factors such as technology, economic cycles and schemes for financial compensation influential as well? What possibilities exist for reducing seasonal variation in employment? In addition to a literature review related to winter construction, European and national employment and meteorological data were studied. Finally, ministerial acts, ministerial orders or other public policy documents related to winter construction were scrutinized in order to identify and compare economic incentives and compensation schemes intended to increase winter working in construction in Denmark and other western European countries. Overall, economic development in the construction sector and the level of compensation or the duration of contracts for workers is more likely to explain differences in seasonal activity than climatic or technological factors.