A processing approach to the typology of Noun Phrases

This paper examines cross-linguistic variation in the syntax and morpho-syntax of Noun Phrases from the perspective of on-line processing demands. It is argued that some new descriptive generalizations can be formulated in this way, of potential relevance for any theory wishing to explain why languages exhibit the variation patterns that they do. Two processing hypotheses are proposed: anything that is an NP must be recognized as such, i.e. every NP must be 'constructable'; and all the items that belong to NP must be ;'attachable' to it, and the amount of syntactic, morpho- syntactic or lexical encoding of attachment will be in proportion to complexity and efficiency in processing. Selected predictions following from these hypotheses are defined, tested, and found to be supported, suggesting that processing has played a significant role in shaping grammars in this area.