Dehiscence and buccal bone thickness after rapid maxillary expansion in young patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate

Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate the consequences of rapid maxillary expansion in the buccal bone thickness and dehiscence of subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Methods: This prospective cohort study consisted of 30 participants, 20 males and 10 females, between 8 and 15 years old. Participants were allocated into 3 groups, according to the type of maxillary constriction, and were treated with different types of expanders: G1, hyrax; G2, fan-type; G3, inverted mini-hyrax. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were performed immediately before treatment and after 90 days of retention. Linear measurements were obtained by the same calibrated and blinded examiner. Results: An average of 0.8 mm decrease in buccal bone thickness (P<0.001) and a 0.5 mm increase in dehiscence (P<0.001) were observed. There was no significant difference between the cleft and noncleft side for all variables (P>0.05), as there was no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The findings in this study allow the conclusion that the orthopedic forces of rapid maxillary expansion lead to a decrease in the posterior buccal bone volume in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.