This Paper outlines institutional arrangements for urban infrastructure provision in developing countries and highlights some of the problems which have led to the gross underprovision of services, particularly for the burgeoning population of urban poor. Community management of infrastructure is being increasingly advocated as a means of tackling the problems. This is investigated by analysing case studies from five countries. The findings are presented with respect to: definitions of community management; effectiveness of infrastructure provision; new institutional roles and responsibilities; prospects for employment and income generation, and the support needed to further advance the community management approach.