DIFFERENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL-REGULATION - EFFECTS ON ELECTRIC UTILITY CAPITAL TURNOVER AND EMISSIONS

This paper tests the hypothesis that differential regulations reduced the rate of capital turnover in the electric utility industry, resulting in increased emissions of sulfur dioxide. Based on a sample of forty-four privately owned electric utilities operating over the period 1969-83, our results indicate that (i) regulation increased the age of capital by an average of 3.29 years (24.6%), (ii) increases in the age of capital have no statistically significant impact on emissions, and (iii) in the absence of regulation emissions would have increased by 3.79 tons per million kWhs (34.6%).