The author develops the historical context which led from an idealized pretention of psychoanalytical treatment of schizophrenia to the almost complete loss of interest of the psychoanalytic community in schizophrenic patients. In a modern view of the schizophrenic disorder, the theoretical barriers elevated against psychoanalytically inspired psychotherapeutic treatment of schizophrenics become obsolete. The author shows that the preconditions for this kind of treatment are often fulfilled, describes the differential indications of other forms of treatment and gives practical advices showing how to proceed.