Effects of epimuscular myofascial force transmission on sarcomere length of passive muscles in the rat hindlimb

Results from imaging studies and finite element models suggest epimuscular myofascial effects on sarcomere lengths in series within muscle fibers. However, experimental evidence is lacking. We evaluated epimuscular myofascial effects on (1) muscle belly, fiber, and mean sarcomere length and (2) sarcomere length distribution within passive fibers of the rat tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SO) muscles. Hindlimbs (n = 24) were positioned in predefined knee (55 degrees, 90 degrees, 125 degrees, 160 degrees) and ankle (either 90 degrees or 125 degrees) angles, and fixed in a formaldehyde solution. Varying knee joint angle causes changes in muscle-tendon unit length of SO and TA's synergists, but not of SO and TA. Whole fibers were taken from SO and TA and photographed along their length. Mean sarcomere length was assessed for the entire fiber and for the proximal, intermediate, and distal thirds (fiber segments) separately. Mean sarcomere length of the fiber was not affected by knee angle, neither for SO (mean: 2.44 +/- 0.03 mu m and 2.19 +/- 0.05 mu m for ankle angles of 90 degrees and 125 degrees, respectively) nor for TA (mean: 2.33 +/- 0.05 mu m and 2.51 +/- 0.07 mu m for ankle angle set to 90 degrees and 125 degrees, respectively). Only for TA, a significant interaction between knee angle and fiber segment was found, indicating changes in the distribution of lengths of in-series sarcomeres. Thus, while epimuscular myofascial force transmission did not cause mean sarcomere length changes within passive SO and TA, it did alter the length distribution of sarcomeres within passive TA.