Does financial outreach engender economic growth? Evidence from Indian states

Purpose - Employing data on 14 major Indian states during 1973-2004, this paper aims to investigate the hypothesis that economic growth is affected by financial outreach. Design/methodology/approach - The paper employs univariate tests as well as advanced panel regression techniques to examine whether financial outreach matters for state-level economic growth. Findings - The analysis suggests that improvements in financial outreach led to a perceptible rise in per capita growth. In terms of magnitudes, a rise in demographic outreach by 10 percent raises state per capita growth by 0.3 percent; in case of geographic outreach, the increase is lower. Finally, the analysis supports the hypotheses that states with higher manufacturing share tend to grow faster and the quality of state-level institutions and infrastructure exert a significant bearing on growth. Research limitations/implications - Although the definitions of financial outreach are based on international best practice, they focus only on banks and are driven by the availability of data on relevant variables. Practical implications - The article belongs to the broad strand of literature which examines the finance-growth nexus. Social implications - Financial outreach is presently an avowed objective of policymakers, both in India and elsewhere. The article examines which sets of economic/policy variables impact financial outreach. The analysis can provide policymakers with feedback as regards the feasibility of the strategies pursued to improve financial outreach and thereby, how best to redesign and fine-tune them. Originality/value - To the author's knowledge, this is presumably the first study in India to examine the financial outreach-growth nexus in a systematic manner at the sub-national level.