Persons suffering from chronic schizophrenia characteristically show signs of social withdrawal and emotional flattening. Music therapy, which makes use of spontaneous musical improvisation to establish a nonverbal interaction between therapist and person, encourages persons to develop their interactive capacities. This study shows that patients suffering from schizophrenia who attended a series of individual music therapy sessions improved in their clinical status and in their level of musical interaction with the therapist. The results suggest that music therapy can play a role in the rehabilitation of chronic schizophrenics.