Primary parotid B-cell lymphoma successfully treated with chemotherapy plus highly active antiretroviral therapy with prolonged survival and immune reconstitution in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient: Case report and review of the literature

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is the second most common acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining cancer. In this population, up to 70-80% of cases may present as extranodal location as the primary clinical manifestation of the neoplasm disease. Gastrointestinal tract is the most frequent location of AIDS-associated NHL. However, salivary gland involvement, including the parotid gland is a rare complication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-patients. Here, we describe a patient seropositive for the HIV, who developed a primary NHL of the parotid gland histologically classified as a high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Patient was treated with a combination of chemotherapy plus highly active antiretroviral therapy with a good clinical, virological and immunological response and a prolonged survival, more than 5 years, without evidence of neoplasm relapse.