A Hybrid Framework for Energy-Efficient Centroid Based Gateway Clustering Protocol Over Agriculture Domain in Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) may sense, monitor, and transmit information about the physical or environmental conditions via multichip routing to the base station. The agricultural sector adopted these networks as well in order to advance more environmental methods, lower expenses for achieving scientific agriculture. Sensor nodes have encountered energy issues, convoluted routing protocols, failures in data transmission, and delays as a result of their limited capability. These limitations result in sensor nodes close to the base station frequently relaying on it, which increases the base station's load or renders it unworkable. This paper proposes an Energy-Efficient Centroid based Gateway Clustering (EEC-GC) protocol, wherein the cluster head is selected considering the point of centroid, in order to overcome these concerns. The base station receives the data from the gateway node, which decreases the cluster head nodes' data load. Simulation has been utilized to contrast the suggested protocol with modern protocols. The experimental findings demonstrated that the suggested technique worked better and increased the applicability of WSN-based temperature, humidity, and lighting monitoring in the agricultural sector. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.