Development of an analysis to probe the neutrino mass ordering with atmospheric neutrinos using three years of IceCube DeepCore dataIceCube Collaboration

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作者：
M. G. Aartsen
M. Ackermann
J. Adams
J. A. Aguilar
M. Ahlers
M. Ahrens
C. Alispach
K. Andeen
T. Anderson
I. Ansseau
G. Anton
C. Argüelles
J. Auffenberg
S. Axani
P. Backes
H. Bagherpour
X. Bai
A. Barbano
S. W. Barwick
V. Baum
R. Bay
J. J. Beatty
K.-H. Becker
J. Becker Tjus
S. BenZvi
D. Berley
E. Bernardini
D. Z. Besson
G. Binder
D. Bindig
E. Blaufuss
S. Blot
C. Bohm
M. Börner
S. Böser
O. Botner
E. Bourbeau
J. Bourbeau
F. Bradascio
J. Braun
H.-P. Bretz
S. Bron
J. Brostean-Kaiser
A. Burgman
R. S. Busse
T. Carver
C. Chen
E. Cheung
D. Chirkin
K. Clark
机构：
[1] RWTH Aachen University,III. Physikalisches Institut
[2] Adelaide,Department of Physics, University of Adelaide
[3] University of Alaska Anchorage,Department of Physics and Astronomy
[4] University of Texas at Arlington,Department of Physics
[5] CTSPS,School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics
[6] Clark-Atlanta University,Department of Physics
[7] Georgia Institute of Technology,Department of Physics
[8] Southern University,Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie
[9] University of California,Department of Physics
[10] Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research
[11] Institut für Physik,Department  of Physics and Astronomy
[12] Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin,Department  of Physics
[13] Ruhr-Universität Bochum,Department  of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro
[14] Université Libre de Bruxelles,Particle Physics
[15] Science Faculty CP230,Department  of Astronomy
[16] Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB),Department  of Physics
[17] Dienst ELEM,Department  of Physics and Astronomy
[18] Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Department  of Physics
[19] Chiba University,Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire
[20] University of Canterbury,Department  of Physics and Astronomy
[21] University of Maryland,Department  of Physics and Astronomy
[22] Ohio State University,Department  of Physics and Astronomy
[23] Ohio State University,Department of Physics and Astronomy
[24] Niels Bohr Institute,Department  of Astronomy
[25] University of Copenhagen,Department  of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
[26] TU Dortmund University,School of Physics and Astronomy
[27] Michigan State University,Department of Physics
[28] University of Alberta,Physik
[29] Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics,department
[30] Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,Bartol Research Institute and Department  of Physics and Astronomy
[31] Université de Genève,Department  of Physics
[32] University of Gent,Department  of Physics
[33] University of California,Department  of Physics
[34] University of Kansas,Physics Department
[35] SNOLAB,Department  of Physics
[36] UCLA,Department  of Physics and Astronomy
[37] University of Wisconsin,Oskar Klein Centre and Department  of Physics
[38] University of Wisconsin,Department  of Physics and Astronomy
[39] Institute of Physics,Department  of Physics
[40] University of Mainz,Department  of Physics and Astronomy
[41] The University of Manchester,Department  of Astronomy and Astrophysics
[42] Marquette University,Department  of Physics
[43] Technische Universität München,Department  of Physics and Astronomy
[44] Institut für Kernphysik,Department  of Physics
[45] Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster,undefined
[46] University of Delaware,undefined
[47] Yale University,undefined
[48] University of Oxford,undefined
[49] Drexel University,undefined
[50] South Dakota School of Mines and Technology,undefined
来源：
The European Physical Journal C | 2020年 / 80卷
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摘要：
The Neutrino Mass Ordering (NMO) remains one of the outstanding questions in the field of neutrino physics. One strategy to measure the NMO is to observe matter effects in the oscillation pattern of atmospheric neutrinos above ∼1GeV\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sim 1\,\mathrm {GeV}$$\end{document}, as proposed for several next-generation neutrino experiments. Moreover, the existing IceCube DeepCore detector can already explore this type of measurement. We present the development and application of two independent analyses to search for the signature of the NMO with three years of DeepCore data. These analyses include a full treatment of systematic uncertainties and a statistically-rigorous method to determine the significance for the NMO from a fit to the data. Both analyses show that the dataset is fully compatible with both mass orderings. For the more sensitive analysis, we observe a preference for normal ordering with a p-value of pIO=15.3%\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$p_\mathrm {IO} = 15.3\%$$\end{document} and CLs=53.3%\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathrm {CL}_\mathrm {s}=53.3\%$$\end{document} for the inverted ordering hypothesis, while the experimental results from both analyses are consistent within their uncertainties. Since the result is independent of the value of δCP\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\delta _\mathrm {CP}$$\end{document} and obtained from energies Eν≳5GeV\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$E_\nu \gtrsim 5\,\mathrm {GeV}$$\end{document}, it is complementary to recent results from long-baseline experiments. These analyses set the groundwork for the future of this measurement with more capable detectors, such as the IceCube Upgrade and the proposed PINGU detector.
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    EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C, 2020, 80 (01):
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