The association between the triglyceride-glucose index and in-stent restenosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Insulin resistance (IR) can lead to cellular metabolic disorders, activation of oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, contributing to in-stent restenosis (ISR). The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), a new indicator reflecting IR, is extensively researched in the cardiovascular field. This study, through a meta-analysis, aimed to utilize a larger combined sample size and thereby enhance the overall test efficacy to explore the TyG index-ISR relationship. Methods A thorough search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to find original papers and their references published between 1990 and January 2024. This search included both prospective and retrospective studies detailing the correlation between the TyG index and ISR in individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD). Outcomes The five included articles comprised 3,912 participants, and the odds ratio (OR) extracted from each study was combined using the Inverse Variance method. Results showed that, in the context of CHD patients, each incremental unit in the TyG index, when treated as a continuous variable, corresponded to a 42% elevation in ISR risk (95% CI 1.26-1.59, I-2=13%, p < 0.005). When analyzing the TyG index categorically, the results revealed a higher ISR risk in the highest TyG index group compared to the lowest group (OR: 1.69, 95% CI 1.32-2.17, I-2=0). Additionally, in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), each unit increase in the TyG index, the risk of ISR in patients increased by 37% (95% CI 1.19-1.57, I-2=0%, p < 0.005). This correlation was also observable in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients (OR:1.48, 95% CI 1.19-1.85, I-2=0, p < 0.005). Conclusions The TyG index, an economical and precise surrogate for IR, is significantly linked with ISR. Furthermore, this correlation is unaffected by the type of coronary heart disease.