Note on some representations of general solutions to homogeneous linear difference equations

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作者
Stevo Stević
Bratislav Iričanin
Witold Kosmala
Zdeněk Šmarda
机构
[1] Mathematical Institute of the Serbian Academy of Sciences,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital
[2] China Medical University,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Department of Mathematics
[3] Brno University of Technology,Faculty of Electrical Engineering
[4] Belgrade University,Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo
[5] University of Kragujevac,Department of Mathematical Sciences
[6] Appalachian State University,undefined
关键词
Homogeneous linear difference equation with constant coefficients; General solution; Representation of solutions; Fibonacci sequence; 39A10;
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摘要
It is known that every solution to the second-order difference equation xn=xn−1+xn−2=0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$x_{n}=x_{n-1}+x_{n-2}=0$\end{document}, n≥2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$n\ge 2$\end{document}, can be written in the following form xn=x0fn−1+x1fn\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$x_{n}=x_{0}f_{n-1}+x_{1}f_{n}$\end{document}, where fn\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$f_{n}$\end{document} is the Fibonacci sequence. Here we find all the homogeneous linear difference equations with constant coefficients of any order whose general solution have a representation of a related form. We also present an interesting elementary procedure for finding a representation of general solution to any homogeneous linear difference equation with constant coefficients in terms of the coefficients of the equation, initial values, and an extension of the Fibonacci sequence. This is done for the case when all the roots of the characteristic polynomial associated with the equation are mutually different, and then it is shown that such obtained representation also holds in other cases. It is also shown that during application of the procedure the extension of the Fibonacci sequence appears naturally.
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