Building sustainability assessment model based on life cycle cost analysis and BIM technology

Architecture is one of the important factors that cause environmental pollution. This study aims to strengthen the application of green design concept in architecture, promote the sustainable development of architecture, and realize the rational utilization of public resources. First, according to the life cycle and sustainable development theories, building sustainability is divided into three levels: economy, environment, and society. Second, based on the building information modeling (BIM) technology, the economic evaluation model, environmental evaluation model, and social evaluation model of sustainable building life cycle are established. Moreover, the life cycle cost, environmental impact evaluation, and social impact evaluation of buildings at different stages are analyzed to realize the comprehensive evaluation of building sustainability and promote the green development of architectural design. The results denote that the pre-project cost accounts for the lowest proportion in the sustainable life cycle of buildings without discount. The operation and maintenance cost is the highest, accounting for 65.4%. Regarding net present value, the project cost is mainly installation, outdoor, etc., with 61.5%, while the proportion of operation and maintenance expenses and demolition expenses decreases. According to the social assessment of the sustainable building life cycle, workers' welfare greatly impacts society, among which fair salary, health, and social welfare have an impact degree of 0.15, 0.175, and 1.714, respectively. Economically, after considering the discount rate, operation and maintenance can save costs more effectively. At the environmental level, there are differences in the evaluation of environmental impact at different stages of the building life cycle. The social welfare at the worker level has the most significant impact on society, which extends to all stages of the building life cycle, and the impact at the worker level is higher than the social value level, which is consistent with the actual situation, and verifies the quantifiable ability of the model to the social sustainability of buildings. In this study, life cycle cost analysis and BIM technology are integrated to realize the evaluation of building sustainability in economic, environmental, and social aspects, thus enhancing the development of sustainability in the field of architecture and making some contributions to promoting the rational utilization of public resources.