Design of Linear and Circular Antenna Arrays for Side Lobe Reduction Using a Novel Modified Sparrow Search Algorithm

A high gain antenna array with reduced side lobe level (SLL) needs to be optimized and designed to meet the requirement of modern wireless communication systems. To achieve this goal, a newly developed natural heuristic algorithm namely sparrow search algorithm (SSA) and its modification are introduced and utilized to the field of electromagnetic optimization for the first time in this paper. Simulation results over several different examples of the linear antenna array (LAA) and circular antenna array (CAA) design problem have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the modified SSA. The design results obtained by modified SSA showed greater advantages than those certain classical and well-known algorithms like particle swarm optimization (PSO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), in a statistically meaningful way.