Tsunami hazard assessment along the Chinese mainland coast from earthquakes in the Taiwan region

Tsunami disasters have been documented several times in Chinese history, mostly in the Taiwan region. To assess the tsunami hazard along the coast of mainland China from sources in Taiwan, this study analyzed historical tsunamis and undersea seismic events around Taiwan and found that the frequency and magnitude of earthquakes around Taiwan are significantly higher than in the adjacent Ryukyu and Manila trenches. The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis method was adopted to estimate the maximum possible earthquake magnitude around Taiwan. Then, six tsunami sources were assumed in those places where both earthquakes and tsunamis have occurred previously. Numerical models of the tsunamis were used to calculate the probable maximum tsunami amplitude and tsunami arrival time. The largest tsunami amplitude and the shortest arrival time were drawn on a GIS map. The modeling results provided a summary of tsunami hazards along the coast of mainland China from tsunami sources in Taiwan. The results showed that tsunamis triggered by the maximum possible earthquakes in the Taiwan region would arrive first at Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan Provinces within 3 h; the largest tsunami amplitude was up to 3.3 m. Thus, parts of Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong Provinces were identified as regions with the highest hazard levels.