Adapting weather conditions based IoT enabled smart irrigation technique in precision agriculture mechanisms

Precision agriculture is the mechanism which controls the land productivity and maximizes the revinue and minimizes the impact on sorroundings by automating the complete agriculture processes. This projected work relies on independent internet of things (IoT) enabled wireless sensor network (WSN) framework consisting of soil moisture (MC) probe, soil temperature measuring device, environmental temperature sensor, environmental humidity sensing device, CO2 sensor, daylight intensity device (light dependent resistor) to acquire real-time farm information through multi-point measurement. The projected observance technique consists of all standalone IoT-enabled WSN nodes used for timely data acquisitions and storage of agriculture information. The farm history is additionally stored for generating necessary action throughout the whole course of farming. The work summarizes the optimum usage of irrigation by the precise management of water valve using neural network-based prediction of soil water requirement in 1 h ahead. Our proposed irrigation control scheme utilizes structural similarity (SSIM)-based water valve management mechanism which is used to locate farm regions having water deficiency. Moreover, a close comparative study of optimization techniques, like variable learning rate gradient descent, gradient descent for feedforward neural network-based pattern classification, is performed and the best practice is employed to forecast soil MC on hourly basis together with interpolation method for generating soil moisture content (MC) distribution map. Finally, SSIM index-based soil MC deficiency is calculated to manipulate the specified valves for maintaining uniform water requirement through the entire farm area. The valve control commands are again processed using fuzzy logic-based weather condition modeling system to manipulate control commands by considering different weather conditions.