Activated flux TIG welding of titanium

Metallurgical characterization and qualification of activated flux TIG (ATIG) weld joints of titanium produced using in-house developed activating flux are presented. The flux formulation was optimized after carrying out trials with different sets of flux powders and subsequent metallographic observation of weld bead profile. ATIG welding of titanium using this flux, with optimized welding parameters, produces full penetration welds in 6-mm-thick plates having weld bead depth-to-width ratio of 1.25 compared to 0.25 of conventional TIG welds. ATIG weld joints were prepared using 6-mm-thick titanium plates using square-butt joint geometry and these joints were qualified by radiography. Root and face bend tests passed 4T bend radius as per American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code-Section IX requirements with bend angle of 180°. Transverse tensile testing of weld joints showed fracture in the weld metal with sufficient ductility and tensile strength of 398 MPa, which was close to the base material tensile strength of 402 MPa thereby meeting ASME Section IX requirements. Uniform hardness across the weld confirmed that the weld was not contaminated by components of flux or atmospheric gases, which can result in increased hardness of the weld metal leading to embrittlement. The corrosion test of the weld joints in 11.5 M boiling nitric acid showed improved corrosion resistance compared to base material.