Risk mechanisms of large group emergency decision-making based on multi-agent simulation

There are many critical sources of risk in large group emergency decision-making. In this paper, we systematically identify individual and group sources of risk in large group emergency decision-making and explore the relationship between each risk factor and two group effects, namely cognitive conflict and relationship conflict. Based on this analysis, we model a large group emergency decision-making risk-causing system. The model allows examination of the effect of key risk factors. These variables include individual acceptance, group structure, interaction mode, decision strategy, and decision-making environment, and variable values are set. A multi-agent simulation model of large group emergency decision-making risk-causing is developed using the Netlogo tool based on opinion dynamics. Through case simulation, we obtain the generalization rule of the causal mechanisms for each risk factor. The simulation shows that controlling the proportion of highly accepted decision-making subjects, increasing the interaction between clusters, and taking necessary anticipatory measures can noticeably reduce decision-making risks and help large teams function in highly dynamic decision-making environments. By highlighting the composition and collective influence of risk factors in large group emergency decision-making, this research offers reference and guidance for strategy selection in emergency decision-making.